The world recession is an economic phenomenon that can affect various countries simultaneously, causing various significant impacts. Several factors causing world recessions are often related to economic, political and social fluctuations. First, one of the main causes is the financial crisis. When the banking sector fails, liquidity in global markets can decrease drastically. An incident that occurred in 2008, for example, shows how the failure of a large financial institution, such as Lehman Brothers, can cause a domino effect throughout the world. Declining investor confidence and reduced investment triggered a broad economic contraction. Second, tight monetary policy can also contribute to a recession. When central banks raise interest rates with the aim of containing inflation, borrowing costs increase. This reduces consumer purchasing power and business investment, creating a recession. Economic globalization exacerbates the impact of these policies, as interactions between countries become closer. Third, political instability also plays an important role. Geopolitical tensions or changes in trade policy, such as tariffs imposed by major countries, can cause uncertainty among investors. For example, the trade war between the United States and China creates uncertainty that affects other countries, disrupting global supply chains and causing production to decline. Fourth, external factors such as natural disasters or pandemics can trigger a sudden world recession. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, led to business closures and widespread travel restrictions. Slowing economic activity causes unemployment to rise and demand for goods and services to decline, resulting in the devastating effects of a recession. The impact of the world recession is extensive and complex. One of them is an increase in the unemployment rate. When companies reduce production or even lay off employees, communities begin to face sharp financial difficulties. This creates a negative cycle, where consumer spending declines due to economic uncertainty. Additionally, a recession can also lead to a decline in investment. As companies and individuals restrain their spending, new projects that could absorb labor and drive economic growth are delayed. This can trigger long-term stagnation, where economic growth is hampered even after the recession ends. A global recession could also exacerbate social injustice. Low-income groups and the most vulnerable often suffer from government budget cuts as well as reductions in social services. This causes social disparities to widen, which can ultimately lead to public protests and social discontent. With all the existing causes and impact factors, it is very important for governments and international institutions to collaborate with each other in formulating policies that can prevent and overcome recessions in the future. In-depth analysis of global economic conditions and rapid response to early signs of recession can facilitate a faster and more effective recovery. The global recession is a complex challenge, but understanding its causes and impacts is the first step to creating sustainable solutions.